The term “inflection” generally refers to phonological changes a word undergoes as it is being used in context. in Arabic, it’s a change in the form of a word (typically the ending) to express a grammatical function or attribute such as tense, mood, person, number, case, and gender. In English, some common inflectional categories are:
number (singular and plural), tense (e.g., past, present), and voice (active and passive).
Generally speaking, Arabic words are marked for more grammatical categories than are English words. Some of these categories are familiar to English speakers (such as tense and number) while others, such as inflection for case or gender, are not. There are eight major grammatical categories in Arabic: tense/aspect, person, voice, mood, gender, number, case, definiteness.
We are going to learn about each one of them and how they work in the Arabic language.
The Arabic noun changes its original form or the case ending under different grammatical conditions, There are three cases in Arabic and these are indicated merely by changing the vowel sounds of the final consonant
(except in the dual and sound masculine plural endings). They are:
The nominative case vowelled with dammah accent
Take a look at the next examples
The justice is right
العدالةُ حقٌّ
The diligent student
الطالبُ مجتهدٌ
البنتُ جميلةُ
The accusative case vowelled with fat7a
Ali ran away.
ركض عليّ هارباً.
جاءَ محمدٌ
Mohamed has come
The teacher hit the student
ضربَ المعلمُ التلميذَ
The dative and genitive cases vowelled with kasra
I dug the ground with an ax
ِحفرت الأرض بالفأس
I passed by the man
مررتُ بالرجلِ
I went with my brother to the marketذهبت بأخي إلى السوق
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